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Abstract

An electronic device having a reduced-roughness electrode surface. The device includes an active material that forms an interface with a treated electrode surface. Treatment of the electrode surface reduces the roughness of the surface to promote adhesion, conformality, and/or electrical contact of the active material to the electrode. The reduced-roughness electrode surface facilitates the formation of a regular, uniform interface with the active material and minimizes the formation of interfacial voids and/or localized contact points that compromise device performance or endurance. Active materials include variable resistance materials and electrical switching materials.

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First Claim