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Abstract

Methods and apparatuses for the determination of an attribute of the tissue of an individual use non-invasive Raman spectroscopy. For example, the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue of an individual can be determined. A portion of the tissue is illuminated with light, which propagates into the tissue where it is Raman scattered. The Raman scattered light is detected and can be combined with a model relating Raman spectra to alcohol concentration to determine the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue. Correction techniques can reduce determination errors due to detection of light other than that from Raman scattering from the alcohol in the tissue. Other biologic information can be used with the Raman spectral properties to aid in the determination of alcohol concentration, for example age, height, weight, medical history and his/her family, ethnicity, skin melanin content, or a combination thereof. The method and apparatus can be optimized to provide reproducible and uniform radiance of the tissue, low tissue sampling error, depth targeting of the tissue layers or sample locations that contain the attribute of interest, efficient collection of Raman spectra, optical throughput, photometric accuracy, large dynamic range, thermal stability, calibration maintenance, calibration transfer, built-in quality control, and ease-of-use.

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First Claim