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Abstract

Methods for modifying microstructure and grain size in three-dimensional additive manufacturing are disclosed, including generating electromagnetic radiation from an ultrafast laser, wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises a wavelength, a pulse repetition rate, a pulse width, a pulse energy, and an average power; focusing the electromagnetic radiation into a focal region; using a powder delivery system to deposit one or more powders at the focal region of the electromagnetic radiation; and adjusting the pulse width, the pulse energy, and the average power of the ultrafast laser to modify the microstructure and grain size of an additively manufactured sample; wherein the average microstructure and grain size increases as the pulse width is increased and wherein the density of the additively manufactured sample increases as the pulse energy is decreased. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

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First Claim