METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND IMPROVING MEMBRANE ROBUSTNESS IN PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTION
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Nov 3, 2014
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Nov 1, 2013
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The invention relates to apparatuses and methods for increasing energy efficiency and improving membrane robustness in primary metal production. In some aspects, the methods and apparatuses comprise interrupting a first current flow from the cathode to the anode and permitting a second current flow from the anode to the cathode. In some aspects, the methods and apparatuses comprise a solid oxygen ion-conducting membrane disposed in ion-conducting contact with the molten electrolyte, wherein the membrane has an electronic resistance less than about 200 ohms/cm2
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