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Abstract

An apparatus comprises a photonic integrated circuit comprising a first optical coupler coupled to an optical source and a second optical coupler coupled to one or more photonic circuit elements integrated in the photonic integrated circuit; and a non-reciprocal optical element optically coupled to the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler. At least one of the first optical coupler or the second optical coupler is configured as a polarization-sensitive optical antenna that has an angular radiation function comprising at least (1) a peak intensity of a transverse magnetic optical field associated with a first angular direction, and (2) a peak intensity of a transverse electric optical field associated with a second angular direction different from the first angular direction.

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First Claim