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Abstract

A switching system has N inputs and M outputs and three stages of matrices. The first stage includes n substage matrices, each with x inputs and x outputs where N equal nx. The second stage provides x substage matrices each with n inputs and m outputs, an output from each first substage matrix being connected to an input of each second stage matrix. A third stage employs m substage matrices each with x inputs and x outputs where M=mx, an output from each second stage being connected to an input of each third substage matrix. Switching means are provided at each node of each substage matrix. Means is provided for choosing a proper sequence of switches to reach a selected output to be connected to a selected input. By the addition of an extra input and output to each substage of the second stage with output to input connections between all substages of that stage, it is possible to connect an input from one substage to an output in another. Such an arrangement in the middle stage of a three stage matrix, known as a mid stage link (MSL) allows conditionally non-blocked re-routing in situations where a substage appears to be blocked.

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