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Abstract

The formation of novel water soluble and water insoluble gels by interpolymer reactions of selective anionic polymers with selective cationic polymers in an aqueous medium, with either polymer serving as a cross-linking agent under specific conditions of speed and concentration. The selective cationic polymer is a quaternized ammonium polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylamide), and a quaternary ammonium cellulose ether polymer. The anionic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polysulfonic acid and alginic acid. The formation of the gel structure depends on fast and intensive interaction of the two opposite charges to insure a maximum amount of ion pair formation. The solubility of the gel depends on the formation of intimate or loose ion pairs; which depends on the charge density and structure of the polyelectrolytes. These interpolymer gels exhibit a dramatic increase in viscosity. The water soluble gels produced can be used as foam enhancers and conditioning agents in cosmetic compositions such as shaving gels, shampoos and the like; and in sewage treatment (removal of sebum and traces of organic substances). The water insoluble gels are clear and of extremely high viscoelasticity which can be made into clear films.

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