Importance

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Abstract

A fluid is continously processed by being fed to the top of a hydraulic downdraft tube (15) which forms a downdraft column which is of a height such that the pressure at the bottom thereof will approximately be at the pressure necessary to dissolve sufficient oxygen in water to control the surgical oxidation of lignite in paper pulp in concert with proper retention time and predetermined temperature high and low limits. The fluid is conducted to the bottom of the tube (15) and treated in a variable depth reaction zone (25) in which turbulence is introduced with an injected mixture of reactant and non-reactant gases. The result is that lignite in the pulp will be bleached releasing a controlled proportion of heat to the fluid which enhances the reaction. The treated fluid is fed into an updraft annulus (26) wherein the reaction is selectively restrained by variable depth cooling device (21) and the non-reacting gas is allowed to expand inducing controlled updraft velocities. The flow rate is further controlled without pumping or restricting valving by a hydraulic head imposed on the outlet (28) by a hydraulic column in a tank (31) artificially created through a membrane (39), the height of which is controlled by a non-contaminating fluid (38). The rate of flow away from the apparatus may be independently hydraulically controlled by a float system (68).

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First Claim