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Abstract

Protein microspheres are formed by phase separation in a non-solvent followed by solvent removal. The preferred proteins are prolamines, such as zein, that are hydrophobic, biodegradable, and can be modified proteolytically or chemically to endow them with desirable properties, such as a selected degradation rate. Composite microspheres can be prepared from a mixture of proteins or a mixture of proteins with one or more bioerodible polymeric materials, such as polylactides. Protein coatings can also be made. Compounds are readily incorporated into the microspheres for subsequent release. The process does not involve agents which degrade most labile proteins. The microspheres have a range of sizes and multiple applications, including drug delivery and delayed release of pesticides, fertilizers, and agents for environmental cleanup. Selection of microsphere size in the range of less than five microns and mode of administration can be used to target the microparticles to the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, or to the mucosal membranes of the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Larger implants formed from the microspheres can also be utilized, especially for agricultural applications.

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