Importance

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Abstract

A multiple slope integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) includes many improvements and refinements which eliminate timing and non-linearity errors which accumulate due to a large number of switching operations that occur over an integrate cycle. The ADC includes an integrator and a comparator in which an input voltage to be measured is applied to a summing node at the input of the integrator during an integrate cycle, while at the same time positive and negative reference currents are selectively applied to the summing node by a controller which monitors the output of the comparator in order to limit the voltage magnitude at the output of the integrator. Thereafter, during a de-integrate cycle, the input voltage is disconnected while progressively shallower ramps are measured with a high-speed clock for greater resolution and accuracy. The comparator has a slight hysteresis built in to slightly separate the switching thresholds for positive-going and negative going ramps. The switches which control selection of the positive and negative reference currents are implemented in such a way that current surges are minimized. A method is provided to control the order in which the switches are operated to eliminate the effects of charge injection due to operation of the switches as well as signals that are cross-coupled from the control lines of adjacent switches. The length of time the respective positive and negative currents are turned on during the integrate cycle is measured, and adjustments may be made using predetermined calibration factors to resolve errors in the ADC system. Thus, circuit parameters and values need only to be stable and not be precise, permitting the use of readily-available and inexpensive off-the-shelf parts and components.

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First Claim