Importance

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Abstract

Ultrasonic energy is used to release a stored drug and forcibly move the drug through the skin of an organism into the blood stream. A housing (81) includes a cavity (67) defined by an assembly of ultrasonic transducers (65) and separated from the skin by a polymeric membrane (69) that stores the drug to be delivered. The ultrasonic transducer assembly includes a flat, circular ultrasonic transducer (85) that defines the top of a truncated cone and a plurality of transducer segments (87a, 87b, 87c, 87d . . . ) that define the walls of the cone. The resonant frequency of the planar transducer is lower than the resonant frequency of the transducer segments. The planar, flat, circular transducer generates fixed frequency (5 KHz-1 MHz range) ultrasonic stimuli impulses for a predetermined period of time (10-20 seconds). Between the stimuli pulse periods, the transducer segments receive variable frequency ultrasonic pumping pulses. Preferably, the variable frequency ultrasonic pumping pulses lie in the 50 MHz-300 MHz range. The variable frequency ultrasonic pumping pulses are applied to opposed transducer segments. The transducer segments create beams that impinge on the skin at an oblique angle and create a pulsating wave. Further, the variable frequency ultrasonic pumping pulses are applied to opposing transducer segments in a rotating manner to create pulsating waves in the skin in a variety of directions. The stimuli pulses cause the planar transducer to produce an ultrasonic wave that excites the local nerves in the way that trauma (heat, force) excites the local nerves. The nerve excitation opens the epidermal/dermal junction membrane and the capillary endothelial cell joints. The variable frequency ultrasonic pumping pulses cause the transducer segments to produce ultrasonic waves in both the polymeric membrane and the skin. The ultrasonic waves pump the drug first through the polymeric membrane and then through, skin openings into the underlying blood vessels.

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First Claim