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Abstract

A method and apparatus for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentration based on producing a polarized-modulated laser beam via a polarizing frequency shifter (24), measuring a phase difference introduced, e.g., by a finger (F) or a ear lobule (E) of a subject, measuring phase difference between a reference signal (SR) and a probe signal (SP), and processing the obtained data which are then presented as blood glucose concentration. The apparatus for the above-mentioned measurements comprises an infrared laser source (22), a polarized frequency shifter (24) which produces a polarized-modulated infrared laser beam, a piezoelectric transducer (26) for driving the polarizing frequency shifter (24), and an optical transducer (30) with a glucose measuring head (32). The latter has an optical input for receiving the laser beam and a balanced receiver (62). During measurement, the finger (F) is inserted into the glucose sensing unit (32), and after passing through the finger, the probe optical beam is converted into an electrical signal, compared with the reference electrical signal, and the obtained phase difference is processed by an electronic signal processing unit (34) which presents the results in the form of blood glucose concentration. Embodiments of the apparatus and method based on measurement of circular dichroism caused by the presence of glucose in blood are included.

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