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Abstract

An improved apparatus for the iontophoretic-ultrasonic (ionosonic) transdermal delivery of medication across the skin or other biological membrane so the medication can be absorbed by the adjacent tissues and blood vessels. The apparatus can be adapted for large dermal area application or for a smaller area of application, depending on the choice of specific electrode employed. The apparatus comprises a multichannel iontophoretic applicator electrode. Multiple piezoelectric elements are mounted on the ionotophoetic electrode. The combination of ultrasonic vibration and iontophoresis creates a significant improvement in the penetration of medicament in contact with the skin or mucous membrane underlying the electrode. Drug delivery systems employing biofeedback such as the transcutaneous delivery of insulin based on tissue glucose are outlined based on this ionosonic technology.

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