US Patent No: 5,737,115

Number of patents in Portfolio can not be more than 2000

Additive color tristate light valve twisting ball display

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Abstract

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A tristate light valve ball for an electrical twisting ball device composed of spheroidal balls rotatably disposed in an elastomer substrate. The ball is composed of segments arrayed substantially parallel to one another, each segment being adjacent to at least one other segment and to no more than two other segments. Adjacent segments are adjoined to one another at substantially planar interfaces. The segments include: a first, interior, nontransparent segment having a first optical modulation characteristic; a second exterior, transparent segment, adjacent to the first segment and having a second optical modulation characteristic; a third, interior, nontransparent segment having a third optical modulation characteristic; and a fourth, exterior, transparent segment adjacent to the third segment. For example, the ball can be made with a black first segment adjacent to a white third segment, surrounded on either side by clear second and fourth exterior segments. The ball has an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in a nonoscillating electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. Also disclosed are: a material made up of a substrate layer in which are disposed the aforementioned balls, with a colored backing joined to a rear surface of the layer; and a method for using a device incorporating the balls.

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First Claim

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Patent Owner(s)

Patent OwnerAddressTotal Patents
XEROX CORPORATIONSTAMFORD, CT18360

International Classification(s)

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Inventor(s)

Inventor Name Address # of filed Patents Total Citations
MacKinlay, Jock D Palo Alto, CA 49 2013
Stone, Maureen C Los Altos, CA 18 1183

Cited Art Landscape

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KENT STATE UNIVERSITY, KENT, OH., A UNIVERSITY OF OH. (1)
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Patent Citation Ranking

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Patent Info (Count) # Cites Year
 
E INK CORPORATION (83)
6,124,851 Electronic book with multiple page displays 319 1995
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6,120,588 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof 387 1997
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6,262,706 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 247 1998
6,120,839 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same 332 1998
6,067,185 Process for creating an encapsulated electrophoretic display 349 1998
6,017,584 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 415 1998
6,680,725 Methods of manufacturing electronically addressable displays 159 1998
6,445,489 Electrophoretic displays and systems for addressing such displays 193 1999
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6,518,949 Electronic displays using organic-based field effect transistors 182 1999
6,473,072 Microencapsulated electrophoretic electrostatically-addressed media for drawing device applications 342 1999
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6,262,833 Capsules for electrophoretic displays and methods for making the same 213 1999
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6,312,304 Assembly of microencapsulated electronic displays 299 1999
6,422,687 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof 184 1999
6,392,785 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 204 2000
6,249,271 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 204 2000
6,504,524 Addressing methods for displays having zero time-average field 203 2000
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6,693,620 Threshold addressing of electrophoretic displays 188 2000
7,030,412 Minimally-patterned semiconductor devices for display applications 96 2000
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6,498,114 Method for forming a patterned semiconductor film 210 2000
6,825,068 Process for fabricating thin film transistors 144 2001
7,071,913 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 67 2001
6,683,333 Fabrication of electronic circuit elements using unpatterned semiconductor layers 173 2001
6,967,640 Microencapsulated electrophoretic display with integrated driver 91 2001
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6,538,801 Electrophoretic displays using nanoparticles 224 2001
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7,256,766 Electrophoretic display comprising optical biasing element 61 2002
6,864,875 Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels 207 2002
6,753,999 Electrophoretic displays in portable devices and systems for addressing such displays 145 2002
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6,652,075 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof 153 2002
6,704,133 Electro-optic display overlays and systems for addressing such displays 169 2002
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6,865,010 Electrophoretic electronic displays with low-index films 129 2002
7,109,968 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and methods and materials for making the same 61 2002
7,312,916 Electrophoretic media containing specularly reflective particles 68 2003
7,148,128 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof 61 2003
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7,002,728 Electrophoretic particles, and processes for the production thereof 82 2004
7,110,163 Electro-optic display and lamination adhesive for use therein 71 2004
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7,242,513 Encapsulated electrophoretic displays having a monolayer of capsules and materials and methods for making the same 56 2004
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7,365,394 Process for fabricating thin film transistors 52 2004
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7,230,750 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof 61 2004
8,139,050 Addressing schemes for electronic displays 4 2005
7,382,363 Microencapsulated electrophoretic display with integrated driver 70 2005
7,247,379 Electrophoretic particles, and processes for the production thereof 63 2005
8,115,729 Electrophoretic display element with filler particles 11 2006
7,391,555 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 56 2006
7,535,624 Electro-optic display and materials for use therein 38 2006
8,035,886 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof 4 2006
7,859,637 Use of a storage capacitor to enhance the performance of an active matrix driven electronic display 12 2006
7,672,040 Electro-optic displays, and materials for use therein 19 2007
7,583,251 Dielectrophoretic displays 26 2007
7,532,388 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof 30 2007
7,375,875 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof 44 2007
8,089,453 Stylus-based addressing structures for displays 6 2007
7,956,841 Stylus-based addressing structures for displays 7 2007
8,384,658 Electrostatically addressable electrophoretic display 0 2008
7,746,544 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same 15 2008
7,791,789 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 17 2008
7,843,626 Electro-optic display and materials for use therein 12 2009
8,305,341 Dielectrophoretic displays 1 2009
8,040,594 Multi-color electrophoretic displays 5 2010
8,593,718 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same 0 2010
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8,441,714 Multi-color electrophoretic displays 1 2011
8,593,721 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same 0 2012
 
XEROX CORPORATION (26)
5,892,497 Additive color transmissive twisting ball display 41 1995
6,162,321 Method for making additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements 18 1998
6,128,124 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements 170 1998
6,038,059 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements 18 1998
6,118,419 Random electrostatic discharge event indicator 14 1998
6,542,283 Gyricon displays utilizing magnetic elements and magnetic trapping 14 1998
6,262,707 Gyricon displays utilizing magnetic addressing and latching mechanism 27 1998
6,251,329 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching 10 1998
6,211,998 Magnetic unlatching and addressing of a gyricon display 45 1998
6,197,228 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching 24 1998
6,174,153 Apparatus for making uniformly magnetized elements for a gyricon display 14 1998
6,147,791 Gyricon displays utilizing rotating elements and magnetic latching 204 1998
6,110,538 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching 19 1998
6,097,531 Method of making uniformly magnetized elements for a gyricon display 181 1998
6,122,094 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements 18 1999
6,440,252 Method for rotatable element assembly 10 1999
6,545,671 Rotating element sheet material with reversible highlighting 12 2000
6,498,674 Rotating element sheet material with generalized containment structure 24 2000
6,504,525 Rotating element sheet material with microstructured substrate and method of use 11 2000
6,847,347 Electromagnetophoretic display system and method 6 2000
6,970,154 Fringe-field filter for addressable displays 5 2001
6,897,848 Rotating element sheet material and stylus with gradient field addressing 14 2001
6,690,350 Rotating element sheet material with dual vector field addressing 5 2001
6,549,327 Photochromic gyricon display 37 2001
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6,894,677 Electromagnetophoretic display system and method 2 2004
 
QUALCOMM MEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (21)
7,710,632 Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters 25 2005
7,626,751 Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters 0 2005
8,362,987 Method and device for manipulating color in a display 0 2005
8,031,133 Method and device for manipulating color in a display 5 2005
7,525,730 Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display 16 2005
8,102,407 Method and device for manipulating color in a display 9 2005
7,911,428 Method and device for manipulating color in a display 16 2005
7,728,800 Method and device for manipulating color in a display 0 2005
7,483,197 Photonic MEMS and structures 17 2006
7,532,377 Movable micro-electromechanical device 34 2006
8,004,743 Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display 1 2006
7,773,289 Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display 0 2006
7,554,711 MEMS devices with stiction bumps 40 2006
7,511,875 Moveable micro-electromechanical device 4 2006
7,872,792 Method and device for modulating light with multiple electrodes 9 2007
7,852,545 Method and device for modulating light 13 2007
7,808,694 Method and device for modulating light 13 2007
8,105,496 Method of fabricating MEMS devices (such as IMod) comprising using a gas phase etchant to remove a layer 1 2008
7,791,787 Moveable micro-electromechanical device 1 2009
7,830,588 Method of making a light modulating display device and associated transistor circuitry and structures thereof 19 2009
8,098,431 Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display 0 2009
 
3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY (5)
7,057,599 Microstructures with assisting optical lenses 6 2001
6,700,695 Microstructured segmented electrode film for electronic displays 10 2001
6,577,432 Post and pocket microstructures containing moveable particles having optical effects 13 2001
6,570,700 Microstructures with assisting optical elements to enhance an optical effect 18 2001
6,480,322 Method of improving the respondability of moveable structures in a display 10 2001
 
COSPHERIC LLC (3)
8,501,272 Hemispherical coating method for micro-elements 0 2007
8,068,271 Rotating element transmissive displays 3 2009
8,049,954 Color rotating element displays 4 2010
 
CBRITE INC. (2)
7,929,198 Electro-optic display 2 2007
8,233,212 Electro-optic display 1 2011
 
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER (2)
7,042,617 Optical devices having flakes suspended in a host fluid to provide a flake/fluid system providing flakes with angularly dependent optical properties in response to an alternating current electric field due to the dielectric properties of the system 6 2003
6,829,075 Electrically addressable optical devices using a system of composite layered flakes suspended in a fluid host to obtain angularly dependent optical effects 7 2003
 
CABOT CORPORATION (1)
6,822,781 Gyricon displays containing modified particles 11 2000
 
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (1)
6,518,948 Multichromal twisting ball displays 12 1998
 
REVEO, INC. (1)
6,665,042 Electrically switchable polymer liquid crystal and polymer birefringent flake in fluid host systems and optical devices utilizing same 14 2000
 
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. (1)
8,199,103 System and method of controlling switching display which embodies transmitting/transflective/reflective mode 1 2008
 
Other [Check patent profile for assignment information] (1)
6,326,945 Magnetic writing board 7 1999

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