Additive color tristate light valve twisting ball display
Number of patents in Portfolio can not be more than 2000
United States of America Patent
Stats
-
Apr 7, 1998
Grant Date -
N/A
app pub date -
Dec 15, 1995
filing date -
Dec 15, 1995
priority date (Note) -
In Force
status (Latency Note)
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Abstract
A tristate light valve ball for an electrical twisting ball device composed of spheroidal balls rotatably disposed in an elastomer substrate. The ball is composed of segments arrayed substantially parallel to one another, each segment being adjacent to at least one other segment and to no more than two other segments. Adjacent segments are adjoined to one another at substantially planar interfaces. The segments include: a first, interior, nontransparent segment having a first optical modulation characteristic; a second exterior, transparent segment, adjacent to the first segment and having a second optical modulation characteristic; a third, interior, nontransparent segment having a third optical modulation characteristic; and a fourth, exterior, transparent segment adjacent to the third segment. For example, the ball can be made with a black first segment adjacent to a white third segment, surrounded on either side by clear second and fourth exterior segments. The ball has an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in a nonoscillating electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. Also disclosed are: a material made up of a substrate layer in which are disposed the aforementioned balls, with a colored backing joined to a rear surface of the layer; and a method for using a device incorporating the balls.

First Claim
Family

- 15 United States
- 10 France
- 8 Japan
- 7 China
- 5 Korea
- 2 Other
Patent Owner(s)
Patent Owner | Address | Total Patents |
---|---|---|
XEROX CORPORATION | STAMFORD, CT | 13886 |
International Classification(s)
Inventor(s)
Inventor Name | Address | # of filed Patents | Total Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Mackinlay, Jock D | Palo Alto, CA | 39 | 2854 |
Stone, Maureen C | Los Altos, CA | 16 | 1652 |
Cited Art Landscape
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* 5050965 Color display using supertwisted nematic liquid crystal material | 74 | 1989 | |
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* 4688900 Light modulating material comprising a liquid crystal dispersion in a plastic matrix | 350 | 1985 | |
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* 5216414 Color liquid crystal display device | 13 | 1990 | |
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* 4994204 Light modulating materials comprising a liquid crystal phase dispersed in a birefringent polymeric phase | 145 | 1989 | |
* 5251048 Method and apparatus for electronic switching of a reflective color display | 133 | 1992 | |
* 5384067 Grey scale liquid crystal material | 133 | 1992 | |
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* 5397503 Liquid crystal composition and information display apparatus using the liquid crystal composition | 36 | 1994 | |
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* 5315418 Two path liquid crystal light valve color display with light coupling lens array disposed along the red-green light path | 153 | 1992 | |
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* 5570214 Normally white twisted nematic LCD with retardation films on opposite sides of liquid crystal material for improved viewing zone | 45 | 1993 | |
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* 5157011 Thermoreversible recording medium, apparatus utilizing the same and method for fabricating the same | 38 | 1990 | |
* 5249000 Thermoreversible recording medium, apparatus utilizing the same and method for fabricating the same | 30 | 1992 | |
* 5262374 Thermoreversible recording medium, apparatus utilizing the same and method for fabricating the same | 34 | 1992 | |
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* 4837071 Information display medium | 50 | 1987 | |
* 5219820 Reversible thermosensitive recording material and method of producing the same | 44 | 1991 | |
* 5432534 Reversible thermosensitive coloring composition, recording medium, recording method, and image display apparatus using the recording medium | 44 | 1994 | |
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* 5526016 Multicolor display apparatus | 44 | 1995 | |
* 5515075 Multicolor display apparatus | 40 | 1995 | |
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* 5155607 Optical modulation display device and display method using the same | 91 | 1991 | |
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* 5274460 Method of and apparatus for rewritable recording and erasing and rewritable recording film | 40 | 1991 |
Patent Citation Ranking
Forward Cite Landscape
Patent Info | (Count) | # Cites | Year |
---|---|---|---|
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6518948 Multichromal twisting ball displays | 14 | 1998 | |
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6326945 Magnetic writing board | 7 | 1999 | |
* 2005/0035,941 Retroreflective electrophoretic displaya and materials for making the same | 12 | 2001 | |
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6822781 Gyricon displays containing modified particles | 12 | 2000 | |
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7057599 Microstructures with assisting optical lenses | 6 | 2001 | |
6700695 Microstructured segmented electrode film for electronic displays | 15 | 2001 | |
6577432 Post and pocket microstructures containing moveable particles having optical effects | 13 | 2001 | |
6570700 Microstructures with assisting optical elements to enhance an optical effect | 18 | 2001 | |
6480322 Method of improving the respondability of moveable structures in a display | 10 | 2001 | |
* 2002/0130,831 Microstructures with assisting optical lenses | 9 | 2001 | |
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7710632 Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters | 37 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0066,557 Method and device for reflective display with time sequential color illumination | 41 | 2005 | |
8362987 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 1 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0077,149 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 38 | 2005 | |
8031133 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 14 | 2005 | |
7525730 Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display | 19 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0077,125 Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display | 45 | 2005 | |
8102407 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 11 | 2005 | |
7911428 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 26 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0066,541 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 62 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0066,641 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 84 | 2005 | |
7483197 Photonic MEMS and structures | 28 | 2006 | |
7532377 Movable micro-electromechanical device | 60 | 2006 | |
* 2006/0268,388 Movable micro-electromechanical device | 52 | 2006 | |
8004743 Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display | 2 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0247,704 Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display | 40 | 2006 | |
7554711 MEMS devices with stiction bumps | 68 | 2006 | |
* 7511875 Moveable micro-electromechanical device | 10 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0139,758 Moveable micro-electromechanical device | 9 | 2006 | |
7872792 Method and device for modulating light with multiple electrodes | 25 | 2007 | |
7852545 Method and device for modulating light | 30 | 2007 | |
7808694 Method and device for modulating light | 31 | 2007 | |
* 2008/0106,782 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A MEMS DEVICE | 87 | 2007 | |
8105496 Method of fabricating MEMS devices (such as IMod) comprising using a gas phase etchant to remove a layer | 8 | 2008 | |
* 2008/0130,089 METHOD OF FABRICATING MEMS DEVICES (SUCH AS IMod) COMPRISING USING A GAS PHASE ETCHANT TO REMOVE A LAYER | 34 | 2008 | |
7791787 Moveable micro-electromechanical device | 8 | 2009 | |
* 2009/0135,463 MOVEABLE MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE | 2 | 2009 | |
7830588 Method of making a light modulating display device and associated transistor circuitry and structures thereof | 40 | 2009 | |
8098431 Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display | 0 | 2009 | |
* 2009/0296,191 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING WHITE IN AN INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR DISPLAY | 7 | 2009 | |
8928967 Method and device for modulating light | 4 | 2010 | |
8848294 Method and structure capable of changing color saturation | 0 | 2010 | |
* 2011/0080,632 METHOD OF MAKING A LIGHT MODULATING DISPLAY DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED TRANSISTOR CIRCUITRY AND STRUCTURES THEREOF | 43 | 2010 | |
9110289 Device for modulating light with multiple electrodes | 4 | 2011 | |
* 2011/0170,167 METHOD FOR MODULATING LIGHT WITH MULTIPLE ELECTRODES | 38 | 2011 | |
8971675 Interconnect structure for MEMS device | 2 | 2011 | |
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6665042 Electrically switchable polymer liquid crystal and polymer birefringent flake in fluid host systems and optical devices utilizing same | 21 | 2000 | |
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|||
7626751 Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters | 0 | 2005 | |
7728800 Method and device for manipulating color in a display | 0 | 2005 | |
7773289 Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display | 0 | 2006 | |
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* 5892497 Additive color transmissive twisting ball display | 42 | 1995 | |
* 6162321 Method for making additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements | 19 | 1998 | |
* 6128124 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements | 233 | 1998 | |
* 6038059 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements | 18 | 1998 | |
* 6118419 Random electrostatic discharge event indicator | 16 | 1998 | |
* 6542283 Gyricon displays utilizing magnetic elements and magnetic trapping | 14 | 1998 | |
6262707 Gyricon displays utilizing magnetic addressing and latching mechanism | 27 | 1998 | |
6251329 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching | 10 | 1998 | |
6211998 Magnetic unlatching and addressing of a gyricon display | 53 | 1998 | |
6197228 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching | 24 | 1998 | |
6174153 Apparatus for making uniformly magnetized elements for a gyricon display | 14 | 1998 | |
* 6147791 Gyricon displays utilizing rotating elements and magnetic latching | 268 | 1998 | |
* 6110538 Method of making a gyricon display using magnetic latching | 19 | 1998 | |
* 6097531 Method of making uniformly magnetized elements for a gyricon display | 245 | 1998 | |
* 6122094 Additive color electric paper without registration or alignment of individual elements | 19 | 1999 | |
6440252 Method for rotatable element assembly | 11 | 1999 | |
6970154 Fringe-field filter for addressable displays | 5 | 2001 | |
6897848 Rotating element sheet material and stylus with gradient field addressing | 20 | 2001 | |
6690350 Rotating element sheet material with dual vector field addressing | 6 | 2001 | |
6846377 System and method for rotatable element assembly and laminate substrate assembly | 9 | 2002 | |
* 2002/0185,216 System and method for rotatable element assembly and laminate substrate assembly | 3 | 2002 | |
|
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* 8199103 System and method of controlling switching display which embodies transmitting/transflective/reflective mode | 1 | 2008 | |
* 2009/0096,967 SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING SWITCHING DISPLAY WHICH EMBODIES TRANSMITTING/TRANSFLECTIVE/REFLECTIVE MODE | 1 | 2008 | |
|
|||
6124851 Electronic book with multiple page displays | 405 | 1995 | |
7106296 Electronic book with multiple page displays | 112 | 1996 | |
* 6120588 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 507 | 1997 | |
7167155 Color electrophoretic displays | 131 | 1998 | |
6727881 Encapsulated electrophoretic displays and methods and materials for making the same | 222 | 1998 | |
6515649 Suspended particle displays and materials for making the same | 259 | 1998 | |
6262706 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 303 | 1998 | |
6120839 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same | 398 | 1998 | |
6067185 Process for creating an encapsulated electrophoretic display | 404 | 1998 | |
* 6017584 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 486 | 1998 | |
6680725 Methods of manufacturing electronically addressable displays | 234 | 1998 | |
6445489 Electrophoretic displays and systems for addressing such displays | 279 | 1999 | |
7075502 Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels | 188 | 1999 | |
6518949 Electronic displays using organic-based field effect transistors | 234 | 1999 | |
6473072 Microencapsulated electrophoretic electrostatically-addressed media for drawing device applications | 456 | 1999 | |
6839158 Encapsulated electrophoretic displays having a monolayer of capsules and materials and methods for making the same | 209 | 1999 | |
6262833 Capsules for electrophoretic displays and methods for making the same | 270 | 1999 | |
6376828 Illumination system for nonemissive electronic displays | 238 | 1999 | |
6312304 Assembly of microencapsulated electronic displays | 384 | 1999 | |
6422687 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 281 | 1999 | |
6392785 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 252 | 2000 | |
6249271 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 253 | 2000 | |
6545671 Rotating element sheet material with reversible highlighting | 14 | 2000 | |
6504524 Addressing methods for displays having zero time-average field | 285 | 2000 | |
6377387 Methods for producing droplets for use in capsule-based electrophoretic displays | 270 | 2000 | |
6498674 Rotating element sheet material with generalized containment structure | 24 | 2000 | |
6531997 Methods for addressing electrophoretic displays | 277 | 2000 | |
6693620 Threshold addressing of electrophoretic displays | 267 | 2000 | |
* 6504525 Rotating element sheet material with microstructured substrate and method of use | 12 | 2000 | |
7030412 Minimally-patterned semiconductor devices for display applications | 162 | 2000 | |
6323989 Electrophoretic displays using nanoparticles | 359 | 2000 | |
6842657 Reactive formation of dielectric layers and protection of organic layers in organic semiconductor device fabrication | 199 | 2000 | |
6847347 Electromagnetophoretic display system and method | 7 | 2000 | |
6498114 Method for forming a patterned semiconductor film | 272 | 2000 | |
6825068 Process for fabricating thin film transistors | 204 | 2001 | |
6549327 Photochromic gyricon display | 39 | 2001 | |
7071913 Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 105 | 2001 | |
6683333 Fabrication of electronic circuit elements using unpatterned semiconductor layers | 259 | 2001 | |
6967640 Microencapsulated electrophoretic display with integrated driver | 186 | 2001 | |
* 2003/0020,844 Microencapsulated electrophoretic display with integrated driver | 11 | 2001 | |
6816147 Bistable electro-optic display, and method for addressing same | 184 | 2001 | |
* 2002/0021,270 Bistable electro-optic desplay, and method for addressing same | 2 | 2001 | |
6538801 Electrophoretic displays using nanoparticles | 319 | 2001 | |
6900851 Electro-optic displays and optical systems for addressing such displays | 147 | 2002 | |
7256766 Electrophoretic display comprising optical biasing element | 117 | 2002 | |
* 2003/0011,560 Electrophoretic display comprising optical biasing element | 18 | 2002 | |
6864875 Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels | 320 | 2002 | |
6753999 Electrophoretic displays in portable devices and systems for addressing such displays | 201 | 2002 | |
* 2003/0011,868 Electrophoretic displays in portable devices and systems for addressing such displays | 12 | 2002 | |
D485294 Electrode structure for an electronic display | 165 | 2002 | |
6652075 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 257 | 2002 | |
6704133 Electro-optic display overlays and systems for addressing such displays | 235 | 2002 | |
6738050 Microencapsulated electrophoretic electrostatically addressed media for drawing device applications | 283 | 2002 | |
7038655 Electrophoretic ink composed of particles with field dependent mobilities | 185 | 2002 | |
6865010 Electrophoretic electronic displays with low-index films | 180 | 2002 | |
* 2003/0214,697 Electrophoretic electronic displays with low-index films | 15 | 2002 | |
7109968 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and methods and materials for making the same | 89 | 2002 | |
7312916 Electrophoretic media containing specularly reflective particles | 132 | 2003 | |
7148128 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 136 | 2003 | |
* 2004/0054,031 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 46 | 2003 | |
7893435 Flexible electronic circuits and displays including a backplane comprising a patterned metal foil having a plurality of apertures extending therethrough | 37 | 2003 | |
7002728 Electrophoretic particles, and processes for the production thereof | 147 | 2004 | |
7110163 Electro-optic display and lamination adhesive for use therein | 114 | 2004 | |
* 2004/0252,360 ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY AND LAMINATION ADHESIVE FOR USE THEREIN | 15 | 2004 | |
7667684 Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices | 56 | 2004 | |
* 2004/0190,114 Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices | 103 | 2004 | |
6894677 Electromagnetophoretic display system and method | 7 | 2004 | |
* 2004/0189,766 Electromagnetophoretic display system and method | 0 | 2004 | |
8466852 Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels | 46 | 2004 | |
7242513 Encapsulated electrophoretic displays having a monolayer of capsules and materials and methods for making the same | 81 | 2004 | |
* 2004/0217,929 Encapsulated electrophoretic displays having a monolayer of capsules and materials and methods for making the same | 0 | 2004 | |
7176880 Use of a storage capacitor to enhance the performance of an active matrix driven electronic display | 97 | 2004 | |
7365394 Process for fabricating thin film transistors | 87 | 2004 | |
7280094 Bistable electro-optic display, and method for addressing same | 122 | 2004 | |
* 2005/0017,944 BISTABLE ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY, AND METHOD FOR ADDRESSING SAME | 10 | 2004 | |
7230750 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof | 104 | 2004 | |
8139050 Addressing schemes for electronic displays | 30 | 2005 | |
* 2006/0139,308 ADDRESSING SCHEMES FOR ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS | 77 | 2005 | |
7382363 Microencapsulated electrophoretic display with integrated driver | 173 | 2005 | |
* 2005/0134,554 MICROENCAPSULATED ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY WITH INTEGRATED DRIVER | 4 | 2005 | |
7247379 Electrophoretic particles, and processes for the production thereof | 112 | 2005 | |
8115729 Electrophoretic display element with filler particles | 57 | 2006 | |
7391555 Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 88 | 2006 | |
* 2006/0245,038 NON-SPHERICAL CAVITY ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS AND MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE SAME | 0 | 2006 | |
7535624 Electro-optic display and materials for use therein | 93 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0035,808 ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY AND MATERIALS FOR USE THEREIN | 124 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0052,757 ELECTRONICALLY ADDRESSABLE MICROENCAPSULATED INK AND DISPLAY THEREOF | 70 | 2006 | |
8035886 Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof | 14 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0057,908 ELECTRONICALLY ADDRESSABLE MICROENCAPSULATED INK AND DISPLAY THEREOF | 56 | 2006 | |
7859637 Use of a storage capacitor to enhance the performance of an active matrix driven electronic display | 28 | 2006 | |
* 2007/0085,818 USE OF A STORAGE CAPACITOR TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ACTIVE MATRIX DRIVEN ELECTRONIC DISPLAY | 36 | 2006 | |
7672040 Electro-optic displays, and materials for use therein | 35 | 2007 | |
* 2007/0247,697 ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS, AND MATERIALS FOR USE THEREIN | 32 | 2007 | |
7583251 Dielectrophoretic displays | 48 | 2007 | |
7532388 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof | 53 | 2007 | |
7375875 Electrophoretic media and processes for the production thereof | 71 | 2007 | |
8089453 Stylus-based addressing structures for displays | 14 | 2007 | |
7956841 Stylus-based addressing structures for displays | 30 | 2007 | |
* 2008/0211,765 STYLUS-BASED ADDRESSING STRUCTURES FOR DISPLAYS | 25 | 2007 | |
8384658 Electrostatically addressable electrophoretic display | 17 | 2008 | |
* 2008/0150,888 ELECTROSTATICALLY ADDRESSABLE ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY | 37 | 2008 | |
7746544 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same | 29 | 2008 | |
* 2009/0027,762 ELECTRO-OSMOTIC DISPLAYS AND MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE SAME | 7 | 2008 | |
7791789 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 34 | 2008 | |
* 2009/0174,651 ADDRESSING SCHEMES FOR ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS | 48 | 2009 | |
7843626 Electro-optic display and materials for use therein | 21 | 2009 | |
9005494 Preparation of capsules | 1 | 2009 | |
8305341 Dielectrophoretic displays | 18 | 2009 | |
9293511 Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices | 6 | 2009 | |
* 2010/0148,385 ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIA AND PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | 22 | 2010 | |
8040594 Multi-color electrophoretic displays | 29 | 2010 | |
8593718 Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same | 5 | 2010 | |
* 2010/0207,073 ELECTRO-OSMOTIC DISPLAYS AND MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE SAME | 6 | 2010 | |
8213076 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 8 | 2010 | |
* 2010/0283,806 MULTI-COLOR ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS AND MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE SAME | 2 | 2010 | |
8441714 Multi-color electrophoretic displays | 23 | 2011 | |
8593721 Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same | 10 | 2012 | |
9268191 Multi-color electrophoretic displays | 2 | 2013 | |
9664978 Electrophoretic displays | 0 | 2015 | |
9740076 Multi-color electrophoretic displays | 0 | 2016 | |
9829764 Multi-color electrophoretic displays | 0 | 2017 | |
|
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7042617 Optical devices having flakes suspended in a host fluid to provide a flake/fluid system providing flakes with angularly dependent optical properties in response to an alternating current electric field due to the dielectric properties of the system | 6 | 2003 | |
* 2004/0196,226 Optical devices having flakes with angularly dependent optical properties in response to an alternating current electric field when the flakes are suspended in a host fluid to provide a flake/fluid system which is conductive | 0 | 2003 | |
6829075 Electrically addressable optical devices using a system of composite layered flakes suspended in a fluid host to obtain angularly dependent optical effects | 11 | 2003 | |
* 2004/0233,508 ELECTRICALLY ADDRESSABLE OPTICAL DEVICES USING A SYSTEM OF COMPOSITE LAYERED FLAKES SUSPENDED IN A FLUID HOST TO OBTAIN ANGULARLY DEPENDENT OPTICAL EFFECTS | 4 | 2003 | |
|
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* 2006/0152,475 Electrophoretic display panel | 3 | 2004 | |
|
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8501272 Hemispherical coating method for micro-elements | 0 | 2007 | |
8068271 Rotating element transmissive displays | 3 | 2009 | |
* 2010/0035,377 Transfer Coating Method | 6 | 2009 | |
8049954 Color rotating element displays | 4 | 2010 | |
* 2010/0309,543 Color Rotating Element Displays | 2 | 2010 | |
8233212 Electro-optic display | 3 | 2011 | |
* 2011/0157,683 ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAY | 2 | 2011 | |
|
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7929198 Electro-optic display | 3 | 2007 | |
* 2008/0100,907 Electro-optic display | 11 | 2007 |
Maintenance Fees
Fee | Large entity fee | small entity fee | micro entity fee | due date |
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Fee | Large entity fee | small entity fee | micro entity fee |
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Surcharge after expiration - Late payment is unavoidable | $700.00 | $350.00 | $175.00 |
Surcharge after expiration - Late payment is unintentional | $1,640.00 | $820.00 | $410.00 |
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