US Patent No: 5,868,740

Number of patents in Portfolio can not be more than 2000

Method for volumetric tissue ablation

4 Status Updates

Stats

ATTORNEY / AGENT: (SPONSORED)
 

Importance

Loading Importance Indicators... loading....

Abstract

A volumetric tissue ablation apparatus includes a probe having a plurality of wires journaled through a catheter with a proximal end connected to the active terminal of a generator and a distal end projecting from a distal end of the catheter. The probe wire distal ends are arranged in an array with the distal ends located generally radially and uniformly spaced apart from the catheter distal end. A conductor connected to the return terminal of the generator is located relative to the probe wire array to form a closed electrical circuit through tissue to be ablated. Preferably, the probe wire array includes 10 wires, each formed in an arch from the catheter distal end. The conductor can be either a conventional ground plate upon which the tissue is supported, or a conductor wire extending through the probe and electrically insulated from the probe wires.

Loading the Abstract Image... loading....

First Claim

Related Publications

Loading Related Publications... loading....

Patent Owner(s)

Patent OwnerAddressTotal Patents
BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKALINCOLN, NE442

International Classification(s)

  • [Classification Symbol]
  • [Patents Count]

Inventor(s)

Inventor Name Address # of filed Patents Total Citations
Fox, Randy Omaha, NE 7 559
Leveen, Robert F 815 S. 94th St., Omaha, NE 68114 41 2004

Cited Art

Patent Info (Count) # Cites Year
 
VENTURE LENDING & LEASING, INC. (4)
5,370,675 Medical probe device and method 723 1993
5,385,544 BPH ablation method and apparatus 258 1993
5,470,308 Medical probe with biopsy stylet 249 1993
5,366,490 Medical probe device and method 399 1993
 
ANGIODYNAMICS, INC. (3)
5,458,597 Device for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors and methods 332 1993
5,536,267 Multiple electrode ablation apparatus 532 1994
5,507,743 Coiled RF electrode treatment apparatus 350 1994
 
ST. PAUL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY (3)
4,802,476 Electro-surgical instrument 90 1987
5,083,565 Electrosurgical instrument for ablating endocardial tissue 380 1990
5,078,717 Ablation catheter with selectively deployable electrodes 422 1990
 
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON (3)
4,449,528 Fast pulse thermal cautery probe and method 113 1981
4,582,057 Fast pulse thermal cautery probe 152 1983
4,691,703 Thermal cautery system 106 1986
 
TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP AG (2)
5,281,216 Electrosurgical bipolar treating apparatus 368 1992
5,433,739 Method and apparatus for heating an intervertebral disc for relief of back pain 414 1993
 
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION NORTHWEST TECHNOLOGY CENTER, INC. (1)
5,364,393 Tissue dissipative recanalization catheter 104 1993
 
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC. (1)
5,403,311 Electro-coagulation and ablation and other electrotherapeutic treatments of body tissue 735 1993
 
CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORPORATION (1)
4,523,924 Process for the preparation of stable aqueous solutions of water-soluble reactive dyes by membrane separation 70 1983
 
Circon ACMI Division of Circon Corporation (1)
4,823,791 Electrosurgical probe apparatus 325 1987
 
CONMED CORPORATION (1)
4,936,842 Electrosurgical probe apparatus 101 1989
 
ELA MEDICAL S.A. (1)
5,259,394 Endocardiac lead having an active fastening means 104 1991
 
ELLMAN INTERNATIONAL, INC. (1)
5,395,368 Multiple-wire electrosurgical electrodes 67 1993
 
Genentech, Inc. (1)
4,326,888 Anti-rust composition 10 1979
 
IMAGYN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (1)
5,322,503 Endoscopic surgical instrument 114 1991
 
KIRWAN SURGICAL PRODUCTS, INC. (1)
5,089,002 Disposable bipolar coagulator 37 1990
 
LEIBINGER GMBH (1)
4,685,459 Device for bipolar high-frequency coagulation of biological tissue 233 1986
 
LIGHTWAVE ABLATIOIN SYSTEMS (1)
5,104,393 Catheter 202 1990
 
MDT CORPORATION (1)
4,938,761 Bipolar electrosurgical forceps 272 1990
 
MED INSTITUTE, A CORP. OF INDIANA (1)
5,100,423 Ablation catheter 625 1990
 
OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO., LTD. (1)
5,380,319 Heat using therapeutic device 37 1992
 
OLYMPUS WINTER & IBE GMBH (1)
4,655,216 Combination instrument for laparoscopical tube sterilization 283 1985
 
PACESETTER, INC. (1)
5,282,845 Multiple electrode deployable lead 184 1990
 
RADIONICS, INC. (1)
4,353,371 Longitudinally, side-biting, bipolar coagulating, surgical instrument 121 1980
 
Richard Wolf GmbH (1)
4,819,633 Coagulation forceps 72 1987
 
RITA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC. (1)
5,486,161 Medical probe device and method 208 1993
 
TOSHIBA AMERICA RESEARCH, INC. (1)
2002/0191,558 Distributed soft handoff among IP-based base stations 2001
 
VENTURE LENDING, A DIVISION OF CUPERTINO NATIONAL BANK & TRUST (1)
5,472,441 Device for treating cancer and non-malignant tumors and methods 495 1994
 
Other [Check patent profile for assignment information] (4)
4,492,231 Non-sticking electrocautery system and forceps 463 1982
4,974,595 Electrode device intended to be introduced into the body of a living being 25 1988
5,551,426 Intracardiac ablation and mapping catheter 74 1993
5,662,680 Endoscopic surgical instrument 191 1994

Patent Citation Ranking

Forward Cites

Patent Info (Count) # Cites Year
 
COVIDIEN AG (56)
7,137,980 Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator 107 2003
7,749,217 Method and system for optically detecting blood and controlling a generator during electrosurgery 15 2003
RE40388 Electrosurgical generator with adaptive power control 40 2003
7,364,577 Vessel sealing system 49 2003
8,104,956 Thermocouple measurement circuit 2 2003
7,131,860 Connector systems for electrosurgical generator 148 2003
7,044,948 Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator 143 2003
8,012,150 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 8 2004
7,722,601 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 13 2004
7,396,336 Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system 106 2004
7,303,557 Vessel sealing system 143 2004
7,901,400 Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator 12 2005
7,766,905 Method and system for continuity testing of medical electrodes 6 2005
7,780,662 Vessel sealing system using capacitive RF dielectric heating 13 2005
7,628,786 Universal foot switch contact port 6 2005
7,879,031 Cooled RF ablation needle 0 2005
7,776,035 Cool-tip combined electrode introducer 1 2005
7,553,309 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof 6 2005
7,947,039 Laparoscopic apparatus for performing electrosurgical procedures 3 2005
7,467,075 Three-dimensional finite-element code for electrosurgery and thermal ablation simulations 0 2005
7,513,896 Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling 29 2006
7,824,400 Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator 3 2006
7,651,493 System and method for controlling electrosurgical snares 16 2006
7,648,499 System and method for generating radio frequency energy 8 2006
7,651,492 Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit 10 2006
7,763,018 Cool-tip thermocouple including two-piece hub 6 2006
8,034,049 System and method for measuring initial tissue impedance 6 2006
7,731,717 System and method for controlling RF output during tissue sealing 16 2006
7,416,437 Connector systems for electrosurgical generator 31 2006
7,637,907 System and method for return electrode monitoring 6 2006
7,794,457 Transformer for RF voltage sensing 3 2006
8,105,323 Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator 1 2006
7,927,328 System and method for closed loop monitoring of monopolar electrosurgical apparatus 3 2007
8,080,008 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 1 2007
8,182,477 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof 0 2007
8,287,528 Vessel sealing system 0 2008
7,766,693 Connector systems for electrosurgical generator 6 2008
8,113,057 Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system 1 2008
8,096,961 Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system 0 2008
7,699,842 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof 1 2008
7,702,495 Three-dimensional finite-element code for electrosurgery and thermal ablation simulations 1 2008
8,216,223 System and method for tissue sealing 1 2009
8,147,485 System and method for tissue sealing 2 2009
8,202,271 Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling 1 2009
8,187,262 Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling 0 2009
8,025,660 Universal foot switch contact port 3 2009
7,972,332 System and method for controlling electrosurgical snares 3 2009
8,062,290 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes 0 2010
8,303,580 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 0 2010
8,298,223 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 0 2010
8,377,057 Cool-tip combined electrode introducer 0 2010
8,231,616 Transformer for RF voltage sensing 0 2010
8,267,928 System and method for closed loop monitoring of monopolar electrosurgical apparatus 0 2011
8,241,278 Laparoscopic apparatus for performing electrosurgical procedures 0 2011
8,398,626 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes 0 2011
8,267,929 Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system 0 2011
 
COVIDIEN LP (34)
6,139,527 Method and apparatus for treating hemorrhoids 66 1996
6,033,397 Method and apparatus for treating esophageal varices 118 1996
6,033,398 Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency using directionally applied energy 132 1997
6,071,277 Method and apparatus for reducing the size of a hollow anatomical structure 78 1997
6,152,899 Expandable catheter having improved electrode design, and method for applying energy 73 1997
6,200,312 Expandable vein ligator catheter having multiple electrode leads 28 1997
6,014,589 Catheter having expandable electrodes and adjustable stent 56 1997
6,135,997 Method for treating hemorrhoids 47 1998
6,258,084 Method for applying energy to biological tissue including the use of tumescent tissue compression 56 1999
6,237,606 Method of applying energy to tissue with expandable ligator catheter having multiple electrode leads 23 1999
6,263,248 Catheter having expandable electrodes and adjustable stent 30 1999
6,981,972 Apparatus for treating venous insufficiency using directionally applied energy 8 2000
6,613,045 Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency 22 2000
6,689,126 Expandable vein ligator catheter and method of use 19 2000
6,398,780 Expandable vein ligator catheter and method of use 50 2000
6,682,526 Expandable catheter having two sets of electrodes, and method of use 39 2000
6,638,273 Expandable catheter having improved electrode design, and method for applying energy 53 2000
6,969,388 Apparatus for applying energy to biological tissue including the use of tumescent tissue compression 20 2001
6,769,433 Expandable vein ligator catheter having multiple electrode leads, and method 13 2001
6,752,803 Method and apparatus for applying energy to biological tissue including the use of tumescent tissue compression 37 2001
7,041,098 Expandable vein ligator catheter and method of use 20 2002
7,641,633 Apparatus for treating venous insufficiency 8 2003
7,406,970 Method of using expandable vein ligator catheter having multiple electrode leads 9 2004
7,976,536 Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency 0 2005
D574323 Generator 29 2007
7,834,484 Connection cable and method for activating a voltage-controlled generator 3 2007
8,216,220 System and method for transmission of combined data stream 0 2007
8,181,995 Cool tip junction 0 2007
8,211,099 Thermal feedback systems and methods of using the same 0 2008
8,435,235 Systems and methods for treating hollow anatomical structures 0 2008
7,901,402 Expandable catheter having two sets of electrodes 0 2008
8,226,639 System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator 2 2008
8,292,880 Targeted cooling of deployable microwave antenna 0 2008
8,353,905 System and method for transmission of combined data stream 0 2012
 
BIOMET SPORTS MEDICINE, LLC (27)
7,608,092 Method and apparatus for performing meniscus repair 2 2004
7,608,098 Bone fixation device 25 2004
7,914,539 Tissue fixation device 5 2005
7,749,250 Soft tissue repair assembly and associated method 4 2006
8,034,090 Tissue fixation device 3 2006
7,658,751 Method for implanting soft tissue 24 2006
7,601,165 Method and apparatus for forming a self-locking adjustable suture loop 28 2006
7,857,830 Soft tissue repair and conduit device 2 2007
7,905,903 Method for tissue fixation 3 2007
7,909,851 Soft tissue repair device and associated methods 6 2008
7,905,904 Soft tissue repair device and associated methods 2 2008
8,251,998 Chondral defect repair 0 2008
8,137,382 Method and apparatus for coupling anatomical features 1 2008
8,128,658 Method and apparatus for coupling soft tissue to bone 1 2008
8,118,836 Method and apparatus for coupling soft tissue to a bone 3 2008
7,959,650 Adjustable knotless loops 3 2008
8,317,825 Soft tissue conduit device and method 0 2009
8,088,130 Method and apparatus for coupling soft tissue to a bone 1 2009
8,361,113 Method and apparatus for coupling soft tissue to a bone 0 2009
8,298,262 Method for tissue fixation 0 2009
8,303,604 Soft tissue repair device and method 0 2009
8,221,454 Apparatus for performing meniscus repair 1 2009
8,409,253 Soft tissue repair assembly and associated method 0 2010
8,273,106 Soft tissue repair and conduit device 1 2010
8,337,525 Soft tissue repair device and associated methods 0 2011
8,292,921 Soft tissue repair device and associated methods 0 2011
8,231,654 Adjustable knotless loops 2 2011
 
ASTHMATX, INC. (26)
6,411,852 Modification of airways by application of energy 104 1999
7,425,212 Devices for modification of airways by transfer of energy 35 1999
6,634,363 Methods of treating lungs having reversible obstructive pulmonary disease 102 2000
7,027,869 Method for treating an asthma attack 36 2001
7,556,624 Method of increasing gas exchange of a lung 26 2002
7,273,055 Methods of treating asthma 18 2003
7,264,002 Methods of treating reversible obstructive pulmonary disease 18 2004
7,740,017 Method for treating an asthma attack 18 2005
8,181,656 Methods for treating airways 0 2006
8,251,070 Methods for treating airways 1 2006
7,853,331 Medical device with procedure improvement features 1 2006
7,542,802 Methods of regenerating tissue in airways 18 2006
8,443,810 Methods of reducing mucus in airways 0 2006
7,854,734 Control system and process for application of energy to airway walls and other mediums 5 2006
7,837,679 Control system and process for application of energy to airway walls and other mediums 1 2006
8,257,413 Modification of airways by application of energy 0 2006
7,931,647 Method of delivering energy to a lung airway using markers 1 2006
7,992,572 Methods of evaluating individuals having reversible obstructive pulmonary disease 3 2006
7,921,855 Method for treating an asthma attack 1 2006
7,949,407 Energy delivery devices and methods 4 2006
8,235,983 Systems and methods for delivering energy to passageways in a patient 0 2007
7,938,123 Modification of airways by application of cryo energy 1 2008
8,267,094 Modification of airways by application of ultrasound energy 0 2008
7,770,584 Modification of airways by application of microwave energy 4 2008
8,161,978 Methods for treating asthma by damaging nerve tissue 0 2010
8,459,268 Methods for treating airways 0 2012
 
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC. (19)
6,050,992 Apparatus and method for treating tissue with multiple electrodes 137 1997
6,379,353 Apparatus and method for treating tissue with multiple electrodes 41 2000
6,470,218 Apparatus and method for treating tumors near the surface of an organ 16 2000
6,471,695 Apparatus and method for shielding tissue during tumor ablation 4 2000
7,387,628 Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation 13 2000
6,638,277 Tumor ablation needle with independently activated and independently traversing tines 11 2001
6,802,839 Apparatus and method for shielding tissue during tumor ablation 7 2002
7,195,629 Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation 12 2003
7,025,767 Tumor ablation needle with independently activated and independently traversing tines 12 2003
7,416,549 Multi-zone bipolar ablation probe assembly 42 2003
7,566,332 Methods and apparatus for dispersing current flow in electrosurgery 5 2003
8,414,580 Co-access bipolar ablation probe 0 2004
8,216,235 Liquid infusion apparatus for radiofrequency tissue ablation 1 2007
8,043,289 Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation 2 2008
7,959,629 Multi-zone bipolar ablation probe assembly 0 2008
7,883,507 Methods and apparatus for dispersing current flow in electrosurgery 0 2009
8,096,988 Methods and apparatus for dispersing current flow in electrosurgery 0 2010
8,216,231 Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation 1 2011
8,348,940 Methods and systems for focused bipolar tissue ablation 0 2012
 
SENORX, INC. (19)
6,540,693 Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patients body 32 1998
6,659,105 Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method 49 1999
6,312,429 Electrosurgical lesion location device 80 1999
6,638,234 Sentinel node location and biopsy 30 2000
6,540,695 Biopsy anchor device with cutter 40 2000
6,679,851 Tissue accessing and anchoring device and method 31 2001
6,676,658 Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method 25 2001
6,997,885 Dilation devices and methods for removing tissue specimens 21 2001
7,261,712 Electrosurgical lesion location device 10 2001
7,264,596 Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body 2 2001
6,958,044 Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body 17 2001
7,377,902 Biopsy anchor device with cutter 1 2002
6,716,179 Sentinel node location and biopsy 17 2002
7,282,034 Tissue accessing and anchoring device and method 0 2003
7,357,801 Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method 3 2004
7,651,467 Dilation devices and methods for removing tissue specimens 1 2004
8,229,553 Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body 0 2005
7,329,228 Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body 1 2005
8,137,346 Electrosurgical lesion location device 0 2007
 
ANGIODYNAMICS, INC. (9)
6,500,175 Multiple antenna ablation apparatus and method with cooling element 17 2000
6,641,580 Infusion array ablation apparatus 12 2000
6,632,221 Method of creating a lesion in tissue with infusion 8 2000
6,632,222 Tissue ablation apparatus 49 2000
6,569,159 Cell necrosis apparatus 73 2000
6,770,070 Lung treatment apparatus and method 162 2000
7,160,296 Tissue ablation apparatus and method 23 2002
7,344,533 Impedance controlled tissue ablation apparatus and method 34 2002
7,150,744 Infusion array ablation apparatus 3 2003
 
GENETRONICS, INC. (7)
6,697,669 Skin and muscle-targeted gene therapy by pulsed electrical field 36 1999
6,302,874 Method and apparatus for electrically assisted topical delivery of agents for cosmetic applications 47 1999
6,654,636 Skin and muscle-targeted gene therapy by pulsed electrical field 31 2000
6,947,791 Method and apparatus for electrically assisted topical delivery of agents for cosmetic applications 12 2001
6,678,556 Electrical field therapy with reduced histopathological change in muscle 26 2002
7,570,992 Electrical field therapy with reduced histopathological change in muscle 2 2004
7,922,709 Enhanced delivery of naked DNA to skin by non-invasive in vivo electroporation 0 2005
 
TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP AG (7)
6,530,922 Cluster ablation electrode system 146 2000
6,575,969 Cool-tip radiofrequency thermosurgery electrode system for tumor ablation 272 2000
6,506,189 Cool-tip electrode thermosurgery system 224 2000
7,300,435 Automatic control system for an electrosurgical generator 150 2003
7,255,694 Variable output crest factor electrosurgical generator 41 2003
7,480,533 Ablation treatment of bone metastases 15 2005
7,282,049 Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof 53 2005
 
ONCOSEC MEDICAL INCORPORATED (6)
6,241,701 Apparatus for electroporation mediated delivery of drugs and genes 27 1998
6,233,482 Method of electroporation mediated delivery of drugs and genes 12 1998
6,181,964 Minimally invasive apparatus and method to electroporate drugs and genes into tissue 16 1998
6,216,034 Method of programming an array of needle electrodes for electroporation therapy of tissue 34 1999
6,516,223 Apparatus for electroporation mediated delivery for drugs and genes 36 2001
7,412,284 Apparatus for electroporation mediated delivery for drugs and genes 2 2001
 
RELIEVANT MEDSYSTEMS, INC. (6)
6,736,835 Early intervention spinal treatment methods and devices for use therein 44 2002
8,419,730 Systems and methods for navigating an instrument through bone 0 2009
8,414,571 Vertebral bone navigation systems 0 2012
8,425,507 Basivertebral nerve denervation 0 2012
8,361,067 Methods of therapeutically heating a vertebral body to treat back pain 0 2012
8,419,731 Methods of treating back pain 0 2012
 
ARKANSAS CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (3)
6,780,177 Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device 36 2002
6,872,203 Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device 20 2003
7,361,173 Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device 0 2005
 
LAZURE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (3)
8,109,926 Ablation probe with deployable electrodes 1 2007
7,722,606 Device and method for destruction of cancer cells 0 2007
7,680,543 Tissue ablation and removal 3 2007
 
ABBOTT LABORATORIES (2)
7,458,974 Apparatus and method for electrically induced thrombosis 1 2002
8,197,478 Apparatus and method for electrically induced thrombosis 0 2008
 
INTACT MEDICAL CORPORATION (2)
6,514,248 Accurate cutting about and into tissue volumes with electrosurgically deployed electrodes 60 1999
6,287,304 Interstitial cauterization of tissue volumes with electrosurgically deployed electrodes 97 1999
 
S.D.M.H. PTY. LTD. (2)
7,008,421 Apparatus and method for tissue resection 62 2003
7,223,264 Thermal coagulation of tissue during tissue resection 96 2004
 
SCIMED LIFE SYSTEMS, INC. (2)
7,282,051 Ablation probe for delivering fluid through porous structure 5 2004
7,993,335 Ablation probe for delivering fluid through porous structure 0 2006
 
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (2)
7,181,288 Neuromodulation device and method of using the same 14 2003
7,769,470 Neuromodulation device and method of using same 0 2006
 
THERM MED LLC (2)
7,627,381 Systems and methods for combined RF-induced hyperthermia and radioimmunotherapy 1 2005
7,510,555 Enhanced systems and methods for RF-induced hyperthermia 4 2005
 
TYCO HEALTHCARE GROUP LP (2)
7,972,328 System and method for tissue sealing 8 2007
8,291,915 Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency using directionally applied energy 0 2011
 
BIOMET MANUFACTURING CORP. (1)
8,343,227 Knee prosthesis assembly with ligament link 0 2010
 
BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA (1)
6,575,967 Method and systems for volumetric tissue ablation 25 2000
 
MEDERI THERAPEUTICS, INC. (1)
6,562,034 Electrodes for creating lesions in tissue regions at or near a sphincter 53 2002
 
VNUS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES (1)
6,036,687 Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency 112 1996
 
Other [Check patent profile for assignment information] (4)
6,443,944 Surgical devices comprising articulated members and methods for using the same 32 2000
7,115,124 Device and method for tissue ablation using bipolar radio-frequency current 34 2004
8,464,723 Methods of evaluating individuals having reversible obstructive pulmonary disease 0 2011
8,465,486 Modification of airways by application of energy 0 2012