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Abstract

Methods are described for extending the service life of implantable sensors having a silver-containing anodic reference electrode maintained at a high impedance, at least one noble metal cathodic working electrode, and at least one noble metal anodic counter electrode maintained at a low impedance, particularly sensors for the in vivo detection of oxygen and/or glucose in bodily fluids. The methods described involve increasing the input impedance of the reference electrode up to a maximum for implanted circuitry and shielding said electrode, and/or alternating the operating roles of the reference and working electrodes, switching the working electrodes with counter electrodes in the circuit, reversing the polarities of the reference and working electrodes, and sequentially activating each electrode in a plurality of working and/or reference electrodes in the circuit. All of the circuitry means needed to control the steps described can be implanted with the sensor so that the steps can be performed while the sensor is in use in a patient.

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