Importance

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Abstract

The invention is directed to a polymer dispersant comprising a substituted polyimide or polyamide backbone, having at least some proportion of oligomeric or polymeric grafted side chains including one of amides, esters, and thioesters, having the general formula: wherein X is at least one of hydrogen, an alkali earth metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, ammonium ion, and amine; R is at least one of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl(ene) ether and mixtures thereof and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl(ene) imine and mixtures thereof; Q is at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; p is a number from 1 to about 300 resulting in at least one of a linear and branched side chain; R.sub.1 is at least one of hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon, and functionalized hydrocarbon containing at least one of --OH, --COOH, a derivative of --COOH, sulfonic acid, a derivative of sulfonic acid, amine, and epoxy; Y is a hydrophobic hydrocarbon or polyalkylene oxide moiety that functions as a defoamer; m, m', m', n, n', and n' are each independently 0 or an integer between 1 and about 20; Z is a moiety containing at least one of i) a compound containing at least one amine and one acid group, ii) two functional groups capable of incorporating into the backbone selected from the group consisting of dianhydrides, dialdehydes, and di-acid chlorides, and iii) a succinimide residue; and wherein a, b, c and d reflect the mole fraction of each unit wherein the sum of a, b, c and d equal one, wherein a, b, c and d are each a decimal of value greater than or equal to zero and less than one, and at least two of a, b, c and d are greater than zero.

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First Claim