Importance

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Abstract

A switching TFT (thin-film transistor) 40 is disposed closely to an actuator 14 which comprises a lower electrode 28b, a shape holding layer 26, and an upper electrode 28a that are disposed on a vibrator. The upper electrode 28a of the actuator 14 is electrically connected through a contact 44 to a source/drain region 42 of the TFT 40. A gate line 46 and the gate electrode of the TFT 40 are electrically connected to each other through a contact 50. A data line 48 and a source/drain region 52 of the TFT 40 are electrically connected to each other through a contact 54. The TFT 40 may be replaced with a varistor or a piezoelectric relay. If a varistor is used, the off resistance of the varistor is preferably established such that a variation in a voltage applied to the actuator 14 due to a discharge owing to the off resistance in an unselected period is kept within 5%, and the on resistance of the varistor is preferably established such that a voltage applied to the actuator 14 increases to 95% in an effective selected period. The display apparatus with actuators 14 having shape holding layers has low electric energy consumption and higher raster luminance, and allows wires or interconnections to be formed with ease.

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First Claim