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Abstract

Apparatus and an accompanying method, for generating a cryptographic identifier for a non-marked image and embedding that identifier within the image itself in order to generate a 'watermarked' image; for subsequently detecting that watermark in a test image; and the watermarked image so formed. First, pixel values for a non-marked image are transformed, either directly or after being enhanced, into a series of transform coefficients. A set of pseudo-random perturbation values which collectively constitute the watermark is determined wherein each of these values is heuristically selected, such that all these values collectively satisfy a plurality of different mathematical constraints and each such value preferably equals a relatively small value in a predefined range. These perturbation values are then added to the transform coefficients. Resulting perturbed coefficients are then inversely transformed back to pixel values to form the watermarked image. To detect whether a test image contains the watermark and hence is a copy of the watermarked image, the pixel values for the test image are transformed to yield transform coefficients. A plurality of different mathematical tests or a majority type rule is then used, in conjunction with the perturbation values, previously used to create the watermark, and these transform coefficients to determine whether the perturbation values collectively exist in the test image, and hence whether the watermark is present or not.

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First Claim