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Abstract

A method and apparatus for image compression using temporal and resolution layering of compressed image frames. In particular, layered compression allows a form of modularized decomposition of an image that supports flexible application of a variety of image enhancement techniques. Further, the invention provides a number of enhancements to handle a variety of video quality and compression problems. Most of the enhancements are preferably embodied as a set of tools which can be applied to the tasks of enhancing images and compressing such images. The tools can be combined by a content developer in various ways, as desired, to optimize the visual quality and compression efficiency of a compressed data stream, particularly a layered compressed data stream. Such tools include improved image filtering techniques, motion vector representation and determination, de-interlacing and noise reduction enhancements, motion analysis, imaging device characterization and correction, an enhanced 3-2 pulldown system, frame rate methods for production, a modular bit rate technique, a multi-layer DCT structure, variable length coding optimization, an augmentation system for MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, and guide vectors for the spatial enhancement layer.

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First Claim