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Abstract

An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells to increase T cell response and to reduce pain and discomfort due to long electric waveform application and due to muscle contractions. The method for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells includes the steps of: (a.) administering a polynucleotide vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b.) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity to the administration site, and (c.) applying a sequence of at least three single, operator-controlled, independently programmed, narrow interval electrical waveforms, which have pulse intervals that are less than 100 milliseconds, to deliver the polynucleotide vaccine into the skin cells by electroporation. The sequence of at least three waveforms has one, two, or three of the following characteristics (1) at least two of the at least three waveforms differ from each other in waveform amplitude, (2) at least two of the at least three waveforms differ from each other in waveform width, and (3) a first waveform interval for a first set of two of the at least three waveforms is different from a second waveform interval for a second set of two of the at least three waveforms.

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First Claim